Leg

Symptoms of a strained leg muscle can include:  

• Muscle pain and tenderness 
• Local muscle swelling, 
• Reduced muscle strength 
• Difficulty walking 
• A pop in the muscle at the time of injury  
• Dent or other defect in the normal outline of the muscle (Grade III strain)

Types of Leg Injuries are as below: 

• Fracture- 
• Dislocation. This happens when a bone is pulled out of its joint. 
• Sprains. Sprains are stretches and tears of ligaments- 
• Strains. Strains are stretches and tears of muscles (a pulled muscle)
• Muscle Overuse. 
• Muscle Bruise from a direct blow. 
• Bone Bruise from a direct blow (like on the hip). Called a "hip pointer."
• Skin cut, scratch, scrape or bruise. All are common with leg injuries.

Complications of a broken leg may include:

• Knee or ankle pain. 
• Poor or delayed healing. 
• Bone infection (osteomyelitis.
• Nerve or blood vessel damage
• Compartment syndrome. 
• Arthritis. 
• Unequal leg length. 
• Non union/malunion

Treatment of a fractured leg involves

• Immobilization:  splint or plaster cast to immobilize the bones 
• Medications and treatment:  over-the-counter pain medication 
• Physiotherapy:  to regain the range of movement and strengthen the surrounding muscles.
• Surgery:  depends on the fracture type. In order to stabilize the fracture pins, screws, and metal plates or wires or intramedullary rod(rod placed into the cetre of the bone to fix it) may be used.

A strain occurs when a muscle or tendon is stretched or torn. Sprain is a ligament tear. Strains result from overuse or sudden contraction of muscle, while sprains typically occur when a joint is subjected to excessive force or sudden movements.

Low-grade ankle sprains usually heal in one to three weeks with proper rest. Moderate injuries take between three and four weeks. Severe injuries may take between three and six months to heal.

The following things can be done at home to treat a sprained ankle-

1. Rest.
2. Ice. to reduce pain and swelling. ice pack to be done for 15 to 20 minutes every two to three hours 
3. Compression. Elastic bandage to reduce the swelling.
4. Elevation to reduce swelling which will help reduce pain.

An untreated ankle sprain may lead to chronic ankle instability, wherein the ankle is weak and can have recurring sprains which make the ankle weaker.

• Achilles Tendon Tears or Ruptures.
• Broken Ankles. 
• Heel Bone (Calcaneus) Fractures.
• Lisfranc (Midfoot) Injury. 
• Pilon Fractures of the Ankle. 
• Talus Fractures.

It is the inflammation of the band of tissue that runs from the ankle to the toes. Prolonged standing incorrect foot ware can give rise to it.

Gouty arthritis is the condition where uric acid crystallizes and deposites in the joint which leads to pain and inflammation in joints.

The orthopaedic surgeon may take a call depending on where the fracture is located that is upper end, shaft of the bone or lower end. the fractures are fixed by using an intramedullary nail, nails plates and screws internally. External fixation involves reconstructive frames.